In his essay, The Median Isn't the Message (www.cancerguide.org/median_not_msg.html) , Stephen Jay Gould recalls that when he was first diagnosed with abdominal mesothelioma, a rare form of cancer, his consultant suggested that maybe he shouldn't read too much about his condition. Gould, of course, ignored the advice, and headed straight for Harvard's medical library. He soon discovered why ignorance can be bliss; his illness was incurable and the median mortality after diagnosis was only eight months. Happily, Gould beat the odds, and survived his mesothelioma, but not before he had terrified himself.
This happened more than twenty years ago. Nowadays it doesn't require a trip to the library to scare yourself witless; just a few mouse clicks will do it. Ivan Noble, who recently died of brain cancer, documented his two year struggle with the disease on the BBC Online website (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/2253201.stm). His third entry, titled ‘Net Terrors', written shortly after his diagnosis, tells how he was browsing the internet at four one morning, when he came across a site where a patient with the same tumour had asked a doctor how many people with their condition were still alive three years after diagnosis. The reply was “none”. Noble, quite sensibly, decided that, for a while at least, he was going to stay clear of medical web sites.
However, there is one group of people who cannot stay clear of such sites. They are the internet hypochondriacs; or, as they have been called, the cyberchondriacs. In the past, hypochondriacs would scour medical dictionaries and the like in order to track symptoms and self-diagnose; now they interrogate search engines and visit online forums. It's a growing problem. An American study in 2003, found that eighty percent of adult internet users had at some time used the net to research illness related subjects; and some six percent use it for that reason everyday. According to Dr Trefor Roscoe, a GP and computer specialist, doctors are now being inundated by patients with cyberchondria or “internet printout syndrome”, as it is also called.
Of course, there is nothing new about hypochondria; the syndrome has been recognised since the days of the Roman physician Galen. But the problem with the internet is that it meets and fuels the hypochondriac's obsessive need for health-related information in a way which no other medium has managed. Brian Fallon, the co-author of Phantom Illness: Recognizing, Understanding and Overcoming Hypochondria , is in no doubt that in this regard the internet has made things worse for the person suffering health anxiety.
The trouble is compounded by the fact that the information on the internet is unregulated. This is the perennial problem for anybody who uses the internet for the purposes of research. Information is frequently deprived of the authority which makes it reliable. Therefore, if you're suspicious that the tingling in your limbs means that you have multiple sclerosis, it is a certainty that in time you'll find someone on a health forum willing to confirm your suspicions; or, if you're feeling tired, and suspect that it might be the sign of some serious illness, it won't be long before somebody suggests that you have lupus or some other weird autoimmune disease.
Fallon advises his patients to stay clear of the internet: “In a loose sense, a hypochondriac becomes almost addicted to looking up information, examining himself, and getting reassurance from other people. Checking just makes things worse.” Ivan Noble also struck a cautionary note: “It is wonderful that so much information is available and that patients can be as well informed as they want to be. But it is very difficult to filter that information. [...] Along with the details of therapies, diets and clinical trials, there is cold, clinical information out there about how many people die and how they die. Link leads to link and it is easy to terrify oneself like I did.”
Hypochondriacs beware, then; the internet can seriously damage your mental health.
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